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Around 45–65% of P was incorporated in crystalline K-bearing phosphates, i.e., K-whitlockite and CaKPO4, in the residual ashes with 85–90 wt% agricultural residue in the fuel mixture. More than 90% of P and K in the fuels were retained in the residual ash fraction, and significant interaction phenomena occurred between the P-rich sewage sludge and the K-rich ash fractions. The residual ash was analyzed by ICPAES, SEM/EDS, and XRD, and the results were compared to results of thermochemical equilibrium calculations. This study investigates the ash transformation chemistry of P in sewage sludge ash during the co-gasification with the K-Si- and K-rich agricultural residues wheat straw and sunflower husks, respectively, at temperatures relevant for fluidized bed technology, namely 800 ☌ and 950 ☌.

The recovery of phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge ashes has been the focus of recent research due to the initiatives for the use of biogenic resources and resource recovery. Optimizing phosphorus fertilization, collecting and recycling of phosphorus-rich wastes, increasing the connection of households to sewer systems, and implementing tertiary wastewater treatment comprehensively could reduce Europe's import dependence on phosphorus significantly. The main losses are a net accumulation in agricultural soils (2.9 kgP/yr), followed by losses to landfills (1.4 kgP/yr) and to the hydrosphere (0.55 kgP/yr). Net per capita consumption in the EU15 is 4.7 kgP/yr of which only 1.2 kgP/yr reach the consumer. Comparing basic and reconciled data shows that the result is reliable enough to allow the following conclusions: the system of the EU15 is largely dependent on imports of phosphorus. Error propagation and data reconciliation are performed applying the software STAN. In order to consider the heterogeneity of the database with regard to quantity and quality all data are considered with uncertainty ranges. In this paper a substance flow analysis of phosphorus for the former 15 member states of the European Community (EU15) is presented. Phosphorus (P) is considered a potentially critical resource because reserves are limited it is required by all creatures, and it cannot be substituted.

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